Sources and preparation of Medicines

Sources and preparation of Medicines is part of pharmacology, the study of medicines and their safe use in patient care. For Nursing Uganda learners, the topic should always be tied to assessment, the nursing process, patient education, monitoring and professional accountability.

In Certificate in Midwifery - CM 212: Midwifery I & Pharmacology I, study this topic by asking three questions: what does the medicine or drug group do, what patient factors change its safety, and what must the nurse monitor before and after administration?

• Pharmacology links medicine action with patient condition and expected outcomes.
• Safe administration depends on correct patient, medicine, dose, route, time, documentation and evaluation.
• Clinical judgement is needed when age, pregnancy, organ function, allergies or interactions increase risk.
• Patient education improves adherence and helps detect adverse effects early.

• Confirm indication, allergies, current medicines and baseline observations.
• Check dose, route, timing and contraindications before administration.
• Evaluate response and document findings after the medicine is given.

• Use the medication rights and pause when the order, patient condition or available medicine does not match.
• Check high-risk medicines, unfamiliar doses and calculations with a competent colleague or prescriber according to local policy.
• Monitor the patient at the time the medicine is expected to begin working, not only at the end of the shift.
• Document the medicine, dose, route, time, relevant observations, patient education and response.

Escalate immediately if the patient develops breathing difficulty, collapse, severe allergic features, uncontrolled bleeding, marked confusion, convulsions or any rapidly worsening condition.

• Assessment: identify why the medicine or drug group is needed, the patient's baseline condition, allergies, current medicines and risk factors.
• Planning: set a clear expected outcome, such as reduced pain, controlled blood pressure, improved infection signs or absence of adverse effects.
• Implementation: administer safely, explain the medicine in simple language and follow facility policy for high-alert medicines.
• Evaluation: compare the patient's response with the expected effect and report poor response, toxicity or serious adverse reactions.

In general pharmacology, the nursing process prevents medicine administration from becoming a mechanical task. It keeps the focus on whether the patient is safer and improving.

• Use generic medicine names where possible and confirm brand names carefully because different brands may contain the same active ingredient.
• Consider stock availability, affordability, storage conditions and referral options when planning patient education.
• Follow facility protocols for controlled medicines, cold-chain items, antibiotics, injections and emergency medicines.
• Report medicine incidents and near misses honestly so the system can become safer.

• Revise sources and preparation of medicines by linking the drug group, expected effect, adverse effects and nursing checks.
• Confirm baseline observations, contraindications, interactions and monitoring needs before administration.
• Connect patient teaching to safe self-administration, adherence, storage and follow-up.
• Escalate when the medicine should be held, the dose looks unsafe or the patient deteriorates.

• Before giving medicines in pregnancy, labour or puerperium, confirm the indication, gestational or postnatal stage, allergies, dose, route and prescriber instructions.
• Consider both mother and fetus or newborn when monitoring therapeutic effect and adverse effects.
• Document the medicine, dose, route, time, maternal observations, patient education and response.
• Escalate any uncertainty about safety in pregnancy, breastfeeding, labour, newborn exposure or emergency medicines.